1. Which level of moral development does Kohlberg call the “principled level”?

 

a. Level I

 

b. Level II

 

c. Level III

 

d. Level IV

 

2. What is the first level of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

 

a. Autonomous

 

b. Conventional

 

c. Preconventional

 

d. Postconventional

 

3. John Stuart Mill’s approach to ethics would be classified as what sort of general ethical

 

approach?

 

a. Theological

 

b. Deontological

 

c. Utilitarian

 

d. Ontological

 

4. What is the name given to philosophers who attempt to use only one ethical approach to ethical

 

questions?

 

a. Ethical monists

 

b. Utilitarians

 

c. Deontologists

 

d. Ethical pluralists

 

5. What is the name given to philosophers who construct their ethical approaches with mixed

 

approaches?

 

a. Utilitarians

 

b. Ethical monists

 

c. Ethical pluralists

 

d. Deontologists

 

6. This type of utilitarianism holds that the basic human values are pleasure and pain.

 

a. Hedonistic utilitarianism

 

b. Ideal utilitarianism

 

c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism

 

d. Classic utilitarianism

 

7. This type of utilitarianism maintains that what has to be calculated is not pleasure or happiness,

 

but all intrinsically valuable human goods such as friendship and knowledge.

 

a. Hedonistic utilitarianism

 

b. Ideal utilitarianism

 

c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism

 

d. Classic utilitarianism

 

8. This type of utilitarianism holds that the basic human value is happiness.

 

a. Hedonistic utilitarianism

 

b. Ideal utilitarianism

 

c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism

 

d. Classic utilitarianism

 

9. This type of utilitarianism holds that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather

 

than to given individual actions.

 

a. Act utilitarianism

 

b. Ideal utilitarianism

 

c. Eudaimonistic utilitarianism

 

d. Rule utilitarianism

 

10. A Theory of Justice (1971) was written by:

 

a. John Rawls.

 

b. Lou Dobbs.

 

c. Ken Wilber.

 

d. Thomas Jefferson.

 

11. Normative ethical relativism claims that when any two cultures or any two people hold

 

different moral views of an action:

 

a. only one can be right.

 

b. both can be right.

 

c. one is superior.

 

d. none of the above.

 

12. The ____________ of an action is a careful statement or description of its essential features.

 

a. maxim

 

b. principle

 

c. rule

 

d. content

 

13. The first type of freedom is a human being’s ability to choose:

 

a. their religious beliefs.

 

b. to act morally or immorally.

 

c. to express their thoughts.

 

d. none of the above.

 

14. According to the deontological position, if a maxim passes all __________ tests, it is moral, if

 

it fails any one of them, it is immoral.

 

a. three

 

b. four

 

c. five

 

d. six

 

15. ___________ duties clearly describe actions that are prohibited by moral law.

 

a. Imperfect

 

b. Perfect

 

c. Moral

 

d. Immoral

 

16. ___________ duties cannot be specified with precision and the object of the action in question

 

is indeterminate.

 

a. Imperfect

 

b. Perfect

 

c. Moral

 

d. Immoral

 

17. The example to _____________ satisfies all three tests of the Categorical Imperative.

 

a. act morally

 

b. help those in need

 

c. tell the truth at all times

 

d. none of the above

 

18. Moral ____________ are important, normative and justifiable claims or entitlements.

 

a. actions

 

b. rights

 

c. duties

 

d. justice

 

19. ____________ rights protect an individual from interference by both the government and other

 

people.

 

a. Negative

 

b. Positive

 

c. Ethical

 

d. Moral

 

20. ____________ rights require either the government or other individuals to provide the bearer of

 

the right with certain positive goods or opportunities.

 

a. Negative

 

b. Positive

 

c. Ethical

 

d. Moral

 

21. ___________ rights are legal rights that typically apply to citizens and not to all human beings.

 

a. ethical

 

b. moral

 

c. civil

 

d. human

 

22. Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action?

 

a. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances.

 

b. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal.

 

c. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves.

 

d. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings

 

23. ____________ justice consists in compensating someone for a past injustice or making good

 

some harm he or she has suffered in the past.

 

a. Compensatory

 

b. Retributive

 

c. Commutative

 

d. Distributive

 

24 ___________ justice concerns punishment due a lawbreaker or evil-doer.

 

a. Compensatory

 

b. Retributive

 

c. Commutative

 

d. Distributive

 

25. ___________ justice refers to justice in transactions.

 

a. Compensatory

 

b. Retributive

 

c. Commutative

 

d. Distributive