ANSWER EACH QUESTION

1.Explain how Mendel’s interpretation of his pea plant experiments would have changed if he did not use pure breeding, homozygous genotypes in his P1 generation, but instead used heterozygotes.

2.Being double jointed is a dominant trait found in humans and is designated here by the letter D. The recessive allele is designated by the letter d. A homozygous dominant mother and a homozygous recessive father want to have children. What percentage of their kids would be predicted to be heterozygotes, homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive? What is the only genotype of two parents that would ensure that their offspring would not be double jointed?

3.A man with AB blood and a woman with AB blood have a child. Is it possible for them to have a child with O blood? What are the possible blood types of their offspring and what is the expected percentage of each. 

4.Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by two copies of a mutated CFTR gene.  If one in 100 (hypothetical scenario, not reality) people in the United States have cystic fibrosis, calculate the p and q frequency for the normal allele (p) and the mutated allele (q). Based on those calculations, what percentage of individuals would be expected to be homozygous dominant?

5.Red-green colorblindness is a recessive trait that is located on the X chromosome. A woman named Eve, who is not colorblind, has a mother that is not colorblind but is a carrier. Eve a child with a man named Adam who is colorblind. Predict the probability of Adam and Eve having a daughter colorblind, a daughter having normal vision, a son being colorblind, and a son having normal vision. Explain your reasoning. 

6.One strand of a single DNA helix is labeled red while the other strand of the same DNA helix is labeled blue. This double helix DNA is replicated through the process of semi-conservative replication. Note that a completely newly synthesized strand of DNA will be white. After three rounds of DNA replication, how many all-white DNA (both strands are white) will there be? Explain your reasoning.

7.Transcribe and translate the following sequence of DNA: ATGAAGTTACCC. There is a mutation that resulted in the following sequence: ATGAAATTACC. Predict how this mutation would impact the product of translation. 

8.Which, if any, of the following sequences cannot exist for a mRNA. Explain your answer.

1. UUUUUU
2. AAAAAA
3. CCCCCC
4. UAUAUA
5. GAGAGA