A.Definition/Comparison Questions Instructions: In your own words, define the pairs of terms given below.

Write in complete sentences, stating the differences and relationships between the two terms, and give specific examples where appropriate.

A complete answer usually requires four to eight sentences.

1. bioluminescence / fluorescence

2. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) / Golgi complex

3. microtubule / microfilament

4. enthalpy / free energy

5. active site / allosteric site

6. first law of thermodynamics / second law of thermodynamics

7. antiport / symport

8. exocytosis / pinocytosis

9. NADH / NADPH

10. aerobic respiration / photorespiration

Short Answer/Short Essay Questions Instructions: Answer each of the questions given below in your own words.

Write in complete sentences where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires one to two sentences per mark, so a three-mark question would be answered in three to six sentences.

(2 marks) 1. What is a circadian rhythm?

(2 marks) 2. What is a ribozyme?

(3 marks) 3. Define adiabatic cooling.

(5 marks) 4. Explain what it means when a reaction has a positive ΔG.

(2 marks) 5. What are gated channels?

(4 marks) 6. Explain what exchange diffusion means, and give an example.

(9 marks) 7. Compare mitochondria and chloroplasts. Include both structure and function in your answer.

(5 marks) 8. The electron transport chain of aerobic respiration leads to oxidative phosphorylation of ATP. What is an alternative way to synthesize ATP? Give an example of a specific reaction that uses this alternative way.

(8 marks) 9. Chemiosmosis is a process that occurs both in aerobic respiration and photosynthesis. Explain similarities and differences in chemiosmosis between the two pathways.