1.The primary benefit of exploratory data analysis is its ability to be ________.

Multiple Choice

discriminatory

flexible

inexpensive

conclusive

exclusive

2. Data rows should be ordered in a table ________.

Multiple Choice

alphabetically or randomly, so no data element is emphasized

to best reveal the pattern in the data

3. The tool used to display content analysis recording units is a ________.

Multiple Choice

Pareto diagram

diversions graph

bar graph

proximity plot

line graph

4. When a participant’s data provides geographic information, EDA may use a ______.

Multiple Choice

map

histogram

frequency table or graphical display

Pareto diagram

stem-and-leaf display

5. What oversight has occurred in the following example? The price is reduced by 400% because it was $1 and is now just 25 cents.

Multiple Choice

Percentages cannot exceed 100%.

Use of too small a base

Averaging percentages

Percentage decreases cannot exceed 100%.

Use of too large percentages

6. A display of responses where counts and percentages for a variable, as well as cumulative percentage responses, are revealed is a _____.

Multiple Choice

Stem-and-leaf display

Histogram

Boxplot

Frequency graphical display

Pareto diagram

7. In content analysis, if you were studying the themes represented in CEO letters contained in annual reports, you would be studying ________.

Multiple Choice

recording units

All of the above are correct.

context units

None of the above is correct.

sampling units

8. An advertisement for the drug Plavix states the following: “If you’ve been hospitalized for heart-related chest pain or a certain type of heart attack, doctors call these conditions ACS, or Acute Coronary Syndrome. You can do more to help protect yourself against a future heart attack or stroke — ask your doctor about adding Plavix. For most, heart attack or stroke is caused when platelets form clots that block the flow of blood to the heart or brain. Think aspirin and other heart medications alone are enough? Adding Plavix could help protect you against a future heart attack or stroke. Plavix, added to aspirin and your current treatment, helps raise your protection against a future heart attack or stroke. Prescription Plavix and your other medications work in different ways. Adding Plavix can go beyond your current treatment. Plavix, taken with aspirin, plays its own role in keeping platelets from sticking together and forming clots – which helps keep blood flowing. Talk to your doctor about Plavix.”

The broad topic of “protection” featured in the Plavix advertisement is a ________ unit.

Multiple Choice

semiotic

propositional

referential

syntactical

thematic

9. An advertisement for the drug Plavix states the following: “If you’ve been hospitalized for heart-related chest pain or a certain type of heart attack, doctors call these conditions ACS, or Acute Coronary Syndrome. You can do more to help protect yourself against a future heart attack or stroke — ask your doctor about adding Plavix. For most, heart attack or stroke is caused when platelets form clots that block the flow of blood to the heart or brain. Think aspirin and other heart medications alone are enough? Adding Plavix could help protect you against a future heart attack or stroke. Plavix, added to aspirin and your current treatment, helps raise your protection against a future heart attack or stroke. Prescription Plavix and your other medications work in different ways. Adding Plavix can go beyond your current treatment. Plavix, taken with aspirin, plays its own role in keeping platelets from sticking together and forming clots — which helps keep blood flowing. Talk to your doctor about Plavix.”

In a content analysis of the Plavix advertisement, the words “adding” or “added” are used four times and the phrase “heart attack” is used five times. These are ________ units in our analysis.

Multiple Choice

propositional

syntactical

referential

semiotic

10. Which of the following is most appropriately displayed with a frequency table?

Multiple Choice

The home location of the most valuable customers

The relationship between gender and job performance

What percentage of people prefer Hunt’s brand ketchup

How much explanatory value comes from the study’s variables

The relative effectiveness of ads in newspapers verses ads in magazine

11. A stem-and-leaf display differs from a histogram in that a stem-and-leaf display ________.

Multiple Choice

groups values into intervals

represents data using bars or asterisks

illustrates each interval with a color for visualization

presents actual data values

is appropriate for nominal data

12. A participant is asked a filter question, then a branched question. Missing data is higher for the branched question. This is an example of what type of missing data?

Multiple Choice

MCAR

MAR

None of the above is correct.

Either MCAR or NMAR

NMA

13. In hypothesis testing, the researcher may reject the null hypothesis or prove the null hypothesis.

True or False

14. The level of significance, chosen before data are collected, is calculated as 1-confidence level, and reflects the degree of risk the manager is willing to accept.

True or False

15. Which of the following best explains how the F ratio examines differences among groups?

Multiple Choice

The probability of making a type I error is compared to the probability of making a type II error.

The critical F is compared to the critical t.

The standard deviation for each group is subtracted from the mean of all groups.

None of the above is correct.

The variability attributable to a treatment is compared to the variability arising from random error.

16. After the null hypothesis is rejected based on the results of an F test, and if a comparison of specific populations was determined before analysis began, then which hypothesis tests would be appropriate?

Multiple Choice

one-sample tests

multiple-comparison tests

two-independent-samples tests

k-independent-samples tests

a priori tests

17. Which of the following statements is not correct about the alternative hypothesis?

Multiple Choice

The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of the null hypothesis.

None of the statements is correct.

It is always the hypothesis tested.

It may be directional or nondirectional.

The alternative hypothesis represents the conclusion for which evidence is sought.

18. Which of the following about hypothesis testing is not true?

Multiple Choice

A process of proving that an unsupported assumption about the relationship between two variables is valid

A process that involves parametric and/or nonparametric tests

A process that tests all differences between groups exactly the same, regardless of level of data in measurement

A process that involves inferential statistics

All the above are true.

19. Which of the following hypotheses is an alternative hypothesis?

Multiple Choice

Athletes and nonathletes are equally likely to binge drink.

There is no relationship between grade point average and drinking behavior among college students.

There is no difference in alcohol consumption among beer drinkers and wine drinkers.

Seniors are no more likely than freshmen to binge drink.

Men are more likely to binge drink than women.

20. When conducting an ANOVA, if the F ratio is close to 1, which of the following interpretations is true?

Multiple Choice

The population means are unequal.

All of the above are true.

The between-groups variance is twice the within-groups variance.

There is no difference between the means of the groups examined.

The null hypothesis is rejected.

21. Which of the following involves a test of two-related samples?

Multiple Choice

Test of whether the mean salary of professors at Metro University is higher than the national average for university professors

Test of differences in ad recall among three experimental groups (each of which saw a different advertisement) and a control group

Test of whether a change occurred in the proneness for heart disease among people who switched to a diet high in fish

Test of differences in the percent of men and women who are or are not members of Greek organizations on campus

Test of the average incomes of subscribers of Southern Living and Better Homes and Gardens

22. A study of more than 20,000 mothers of newborns revealed a 10% greater likelihood of purchasing product A by mothers of boys verses mothers of girls. The hypothesis “Mothers of boys will be more likely to purchase product A than will mothers of girls” is the alternative hypothesis.

True or False

23. Which of the following hypotheses is a null hypothesis?

Multiple Choice

Families with two children have significantly higher grocery bills than families with just one child.

Grocery bills vary according to the number of meals eaten outside the home.

There is a relationship between grocery bills and the number of people in a household.

There is no difference in the monthly grocery bills of families with one child and families with two children.

The mean age in a household is predictive of the amount of money spent on food each month.

24. A study of more than 20,000 mothers of newborns revealed a 10% greater likelihood of purchase some product by mothers of boys versus mothers of girls. The null hypothesis is: “Mothers of boys will be no more likely to purchase the product than will mothers of girls.” If we test for the probability on the “greater than” as well as the “less than” side, we will conduct a _____.

Multiple Choice

two-tailed test

one-tailed test

25. Which of the following hypotheses uses a two-tailed test?

Multiple Choice

Women are more concerned with the health consequences associated with eating hamburgers than are men.

All of the above are two-tailed tests.

There is no difference in hamburger consumption among men and women.

Men consume more hamburgers than women.

Hamburger consumption differs among men and women.